Algodoo

Showcasing the distribution of velocities across all particles of a gas. In case of a reasonable amount of 3-dimensional particles (literally any macrosized sample) you get a typical distribution first described by Boltzmann and Maxwell.

I wanted to see if it holds true for 2-dimensional (& 1-dimensional) particles as well. Well, see for yourself. (Edit #3: I included a chart (as well as the equations) for 3D, 2D & 1D distributions. There is some clear distictions to be found an can be recreated with the simulation. Can you point them out?)

This distribution explains why evaporation happens even far below boiling temperature. Check out my referenced scene for details about that.

Edit #1:
- Added some values for orientation
- increased particle size for visibility

Edit #2:
- particles now start with randomized direction
- added option to edit the temperature (instructions in scene)

Edit #4:

Added 1-dimensional case. Showcasing the distribution of velocities across all particles of an 1-dimensional Gas. The mathematical solution is now just half a gaussian bell-curve with the most likely velocity being 0.

To change states between 1D and 2D follow the instructions in the scene (or alternatively the ones below)

Two things:

1) It takes quite a while for the desired pattern to emerge (because of the 1-dimensionality momentum doesn´t dissipate as quiclky as in 2 or higher dimensions. also it is technically not one body of 1D-gas but 10 seperate ones, which i programmed to randomly differ but they never interact)
--> it took 40.000 total measured particles for the pattern to look like a pretty bell curve to me.

2) All functionalities from the 2D-variant are still intact, ADDITIONALLY you can change modes between the 2 dimensions:
F10 --> scene.my.dim = 1 --> save scene --> reload
(same for changing back to 1 dimension)