Algodoo

Hi people!

These are my latest concept atoms and subatomic particles for Algodoo Phun.

Logically they don't operate exactly like real atoms and subatomic particles, but to a certain extent they correctly simulate bidimensionally their behaviour and the operation of the 4 fundamental interactions: gravity, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, and electroweak force. I hope you like them!

- NEW: most atomic simulations found in Algobox fall in three typical categories: they are unstable with subatomic particles that escape in all directions to never reunite again; they can't maintain their shape and collapse in a common lump in which all particles are constantly in contact altogether; or they are rigid systems in which particles are keep in their designated positions through the use of springs, concentrical barriers or other sorts of material devices. But this atomic simulation is different: the subatomic particles move freely, and through their complex configuration of attractive and repulsive forces they spontaneously compound diverse atomic systems that have quantum equilibrium, have their own spaces, have elastic bonds, and are always dynamically changing, allowing the rupture, reorganization and compounding of new atomic systems.

- ACTIONS: my particles have two actions built in.

* MOVEMENT: if you keep pressed the direction keys all particles move in the chosen direction, which simulates change in group kinetic energy.

* PHOTON EMISSION: if you keep pressed the "j" key all particles will release light that cause other particles to rotate at high speeds when it collides against them, which simulates change in individual thermokinetic energy. If you leave it pressed long enough it will greatly increase the energy of all the matter rupturing many atomic nuclei and adding large caotic activity to the simulation.

- INTERESTING: these particles emulate several properties of real matter.

* FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS: PROTONS are blue, NEUTRONS are green and ELECTRONS are yellow; protons respond to gravity (G), electromagnetism (EM), strong nuclear force (S) and electroweak force (EW), neutrons respond to G, S and EW, and electrons respond to G, EM and EW; that is why electrons orbit alone or accompanied protons but not isolated neutrons, while protons and neutrons synthesize atomic nuclei but not electrons.

* GRAVITATIONAL PRESSURE: according to the amount of mass the density of matter will vary, simulating the effects of gravity, so when you clone the particles to add more they will reunite more packed together and the probability of heavier atom nuclei being synthesized will increase, just like it happens at the core of stars; with the default amount of particles given in the simulation one can expect to find nuclei of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium, while if you double the amount of particles by cloning the default batch, one can expect for a small amount of helium and even beryllium to be synthesized.

* FUSION AND FISSION: nuclei can be synthesized but they can also be desintegrated when there are collisions between 2 or more nuclei, or between a nucleus and an individual particle; this also takes part in the simulation of the EW interaction, because nuclei can exchange nucleons among themselves or with isolated particles, and electrons can also trigger fusion, fission and exchange events even if they don't become part of nuclei.

* PLASMATIC ENERGY: the behaviour of these electrons more accurately resembles that of electronic currents in plasmatic matter or metals, in which although electrons are pulled towards protons they do not remain locked orbiting an individual nucleus, and instead they flow between nuclei as a collective stream; also when the energy level of all the matter is high there is a chance that collisions between particles can expell electrons at high speeds, which can even scape the containment box, like when stars expell electrons and other particles in solar winds due to the outwards pressure exerted by light.

* LOWEST ENERGY LEVEL: a last and very interesting byproduct of this simulation is that these systems and matter have a lowest energy state in which there is always movement and thermokinetic energy that never reaches absolut zero; this is caused by the fact that these quantum systems are established by an elastic equilibrium between non-contact free moving bodies linked through forces, like in real life matter. You can test this property like this: select the entire batch of particles with the scene paused, open the EDIT menu, open the SHOW PLOT option, move the SHOW PLOT window to a corner of the scene, open the EDIT menu again, open the VELOCITIES submenu, move the VELOCITIES submenu to another corner of the scene, play the scene, while the scene is playing press the FREEZE VELOCITIES button of the VELOCITIES submenu; when all the particles start moving again they will tend to converge towards the center of the scene, but if you let them converge a little before freezing them again and keep repeating the process, there will come a moment in which they will be reunited in the center of the scenen and distributed in a neatly organized pattern (the one they are in at the beginning of the scene); when you have reached this point it doesn't matter how many times you freeze the particles again they will permanently keep a minimal level of movement - energy, which you can check in the SHOW PLOT window, and if you stop freezing the particles you will see that the level of energy increases on its own a bit until it reaches the spontaneous minimal level of energy of the entire quantum system. You can leave the simulation running for hours and when you check it again you will find that it always has that same minimal amount of energy, that is expressed in the SHOW PLOT window as an oscilation of collective movement between an specific margin of m/s.

- PLUS: when the level of energy of all the particles is too high there will be many collisions and many electrons expelled outside the containment box which makes for an spectacular show.

I HOPE YOU ALL HAVE FUN EXPLORING THE PROPERTIES OF THESE NEW QUANTUM SYSTEMS, AND ENJOY CHANGING, SMASHING AND COMBINING THEM IN SEVERAL WAYS.